What causes cervical dystonia?

Brain ImageThe exact cause of cervical dystonia is still unclear. It has been suggested that the condition is due to abnormal functioning of the basal ganglia; these are deep brain structures which help to control movement. Normally the brain sends chemical messages to keep muscle movements smooth and controlled; one of these messengers is acetylcholine. In cervical dystonia it is thought that too much acetylcholine may be produced, leading to tense and overactive muscles.

Some patients with cervical dystonia do have a history of head or neck injury sometime in their past before developing the condition but the possibility of this being connected with their dystonia is not yet clear and needs further investigation. There is also evidence that some forms of cervical dystonia may be inherited. It is likely that, as with many diseases, it is a combination of genetic and environmental factors that may lead to development of the condition.

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